Megilat Esther Chapter_007 - פרק ז - The Banquet of Confrontation and the Fall of Haman

At the second banquet, Esther finally reveals her identity and pleads for her life, identifying Haman as the "evil adversary." As the King’s fury ignites, a series of "accidental" events—including Haman falling on Esther’s couch and Charvonah’s timely intervention—leads to Haman being hanged on the very gallows he built for Mordechai.

 

אסתר פרק ז

א וַיָּבֹ֤א הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ וְהָמָ֔ן לִשְׁתּ֖וֹת עִם־אֶסְתֵּ֥ר הַמַּלְכָּֽה׃

ב וַיֹּאמֶר֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ לְאֶסְתֵּ֜ר גַּ֣ם בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשֵּׁנִי֙ בְּמִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַיַּ֔יִן מַה־שְּׁאֵֽלָתֵ֛ךְ אֶסְתֵּ֥ר הַמַּלְכָּ֖ה וְתִנָּ֣תֵֽן לָ֑ךְ וּמַה־בַּקָּֽשָׁתֵ֛ךְ עַד־חֲצִ֥י הַמַּלְכ֖וּת וְתֵעָֽשׂ

ג וַתַּ֨עַן אֶסְתֵּ֤ר הַמַּלְכָּה֙ וַתֹּאמַ֔ר אִם־מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֨יךָ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ ט֑וֹב תִּנָּֽתֶן־לִ֤י נַפְשִׁי֙ בִּשְׁאֵ֣לָתִ֔י וְעַמִּ֖י בְּבַקָּֽשָׁתִֽי׃

תנתן לי נפשי - שלא אהרג בשלשה עשר באדר, שגזרת גזירת הריגה על עמי ומולדתי:

ועמי - תינתן לי בבקשתי, שלא יהרגו. ואם תאמר מה איכפת לך? "כי איככה אוכל וראיתי" וגו':

ד כִּ֤י נִמְכַּ֨רְנוּ֙ אֲנִ֣י וְעַמִּ֔י לְהַשְׁמִ֖יד לַֽהֲר֣וֹג וּלְאַבֵּ֑ד וְ֠אִלּוּ לַֽעֲבָדִ֨ים וְלִשְׁפָח֤וֹת נִמְכַּ֨רְנוּ֙ הֶֽחֱרַ֔שְׁתִּי כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין הַצָּ֛ר שֹׁוֶ֖ה בְּנֵ֥זֶק הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ {ס}

כי אין הצר שוה בנזק המלך - איננו חושש בנזק המלך. שאילו רדף אחר הנאתך, היה לו לומר, מכור אותם לעבדים ולשפחות וקבל הממון, או החי' אותם להיות לך לעבדים הם וזרעם:

ה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לְאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֑ה מִ֣י ה֥וּא זֶה֙ וְאֵֽי־זֶ֣ה ה֔וּא אֲשֶׁר־מְלָא֥וֹ לִבּ֖וֹ לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת כֵּֽן׃

ויאמר המלך אחשורוש ויאמר לאסתר המלכה - כל מקום שנאמר ויאמר ויאמר ב' פעמים אינו אלא למדרש. ומדרשו של זה, בתחלה היה מדבר עמה על ידי שליח, עכשיו שידע שממשפחת מלכים היא, דבר עמה הוא בעצמו:

ו וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֶסְתֵּ֔ר אִ֚ישׁ צַ֣ר וְאוֹיֵ֔ב הָמָ֥ן הָרָ֖ע הַזֶּ֑ה וְהָמָ֣ן נִבְעַ֔ת מִלִּפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְהַמַּלְכָּֽה׃

ז וְהַמֶּ֜לֶךְ קָ֤ם בַּֽחֲמָתוֹ֙ מִמִּשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַיַּ֔יִן אֶל־גִּנַּ֖ת הַבִּיתָ֑ן וְהָמָ֣ן עָמַ֗ד לְבַקֵּ֤שׁ עַל־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ מֵֽאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה כִּ֣י רָאָ֔ה כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֥ה אֵלָ֛יו הָֽרָעָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃

כי כלתה - נגמרה הרעה והשנאה והנקמה:

ח וְהַמֶּ֡לֶךְ שָׁב֩ מִגִּנַּ֨ת הַבִּיתָ֜ן אֶל־בֵּ֣ית ׀ מִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַיַּ֗יִן וְהָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֗ל עַל־הַמִּטָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הֲ֠גַם לִכְבּ֧וֹשׁ אֶת־הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה עִמִּ֖י בַּבָּ֑יִת הַדָּבָ֗ר יָצָא֙ מִפִּ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּפְנֵ֥י הָמָ֖ן חָפֽוּ׃

והמן נפל - המלאך דחפו:

על המטה אשר אסתר עליה - דרכן היה לישב בסעודה על צדן על גבי המטות, כמו שאמר בראש הספר, "מטות זהב וכסף" לבני המשתה. 

הגם לכבוש - לשון תימה הוא. "לכבוש", לאנוס בחזקה. כמו, (במדבר לב) "ונכבשה הארץ":

ט וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חַ֠רְבוֹנָה אֶחָ֨ד מִן־הַסָּֽרִיסִ֜ים לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ גַּ֣ם הִנֵּֽה־הָעֵ֣ץ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֪ה הָמָ֟ן לְֽמָרְדֳּכַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֧ר דִּבֶּר־ט֣וֹב עַל־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֹמֵד֙ בְּבֵ֣ית הָמָ֔ן גָּבֹ֖הַּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֑ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ תְּלֻ֥הוּ עָלָֽיו׃

גם הנה העץ - גם רעה אחרת עשה. שהכין העץ, לתלות אוהבו של מלך, שהציל המלך מסם המות:

י וַיִּתְלוּ֙ אֶת־הָמָ֔ן עַל־הָעֵ֖ץ אֲשֶׁר־הֵכִ֣ין לְמָרְדֳּכָ֑י וַֽחֲמַ֥ת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ שָׁכָֽכָה׃ {ס}

Megillas Esther: Chapter 7 (Translation & Commentary)

Esther’s Fateful Petition

7:1-2 The King and Haman came to drink with Queen Esther. On this second day of the wine feast, the King again asked, "What is your petition, Queen Esther? It shall be granted, even up to half the kingdom."

7:3 Esther replied, "If I have found favor in your eyes, O King, may my life be given to me in my petition, and my people in my request."

Rashi: Esther makes two distinct requests. First, she pleads for her own life, specifically that she not be slain on the 13th of Adar. Second, she asks for her people. She anticipates the King might argue, "As long as you are safe, why does the rest matter?" and prepares to explain that she cannot bear to see the destruction of her kindred.

7:4 "For we have been sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, slain, and to perish. Had we been sold as slaves, I would have kept silent, for the adversary has no consideration for the King’s loss."

Rashi: Esther argues that Haman is not acting in the King's best interest. If he truly sought to benefit the Crown, he would have suggested selling the Jews into slavery to generate revenue or labor. By seeking their total destruction, Haman is causing a massive loss to the King that no bribe could ever repay.

The Adversary Revealed

7:5 King Achashverosh said, and he said to Queen Esther, "Who is this, and where is he who dared to do this?"

Rashi: The double expression "he said... and he said" indicates a change in status. Previously, the King spoke to Esther through a messenger. Now that he realized she was of royal lineage, he spoke to her directly and personally.

7:6 Esther said, "A man, an adversary, and an enemy—this evil Haman!" Haman became terrified before the King and the Queen.

The Divine "Push" and the King’s Fury

7:7 The King arose in fury and went into the orchard garden. Haman stayed behind to beg Queen Esther for his life, for he saw that the King had determined evil against him.

Rashi: Haman realized that the King's hatred and vengeance were already decided. In desperation, he turned to Esther, knowing the King would no longer listen to him.

7:8 The King returned to the feast to find Haman falling on the couch where Esther was. The King exclaimed, "Will you even force the Queen with me in the house?" As the word left his mouth, they covered Haman’s face.

Rashi: Haman didn't just stumble; an angel pushed him to ensure he fell onto Esther's couch. These couches were not for sleeping but were the customary seating for leaning during a royal banquet. The King interpreted Haman's desperate pleading as an attempt to subdue or "conquer" (Kivush) the Queen in his own palace.

The Gallows of Charvonah

7:9 Charvonah, one of the chamberlains, said, "Also, behold the gallows Haman made for Mordechai—the man who spoke well of the King—standing in Haman's house, fifty cubits high." The King said, "Hang him on it!"

Rashi: The word "also" suggests Haman’s crimes were multiplying. Not only did he plot against the Queen's people, but he also prepared an execution for the very man who saved the King's life from the poison of Bigthan and Teresh.

7:10 They hanged Haman on the gallows he had prepared for Mordechai, and the King’s anger abated.


Summary

Chapter 7 marks the climax of the Megillah. Esther successfully maneuvers the King’s volatile emotions by painting Haman as a threat to the King’s own interests and dignity. The "accidental" arrival of the King at the exact moment Haman fell on Esther’s couch—pushed by an angel—sealed Haman's fate. The chapter concludes with poetic justice: Haman is executed on the very 50-cubit gallows he built to destroy Mordechai.

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