611 - תריא ליל יום הכיפורים דינו כיומו ובו י' סעיפים

611 - The Night of Yom Kippur Has the Same Law as Its Day - 10 Subsections

1 The night of Yom Kippur is like its day in every respect. For all the things forbidden during the day are forbidden at night.

And even during the addition that we add from the weekday onto the holy — both before it and after it — all the things forbidden on the essence of the day are forbidden.

2 And what are the forbidden things?

Work. Eating and drinking. Washing and anointing. Wearing shoes. Marital relations.

But there is no liability of kares except for work and eating and drinking.

For it is said: "And any soul that does any work, I will destroy," etc. (Vayikra 23:30).

And it is said: "For any soul that is not afflicted, it shall be cut off," etc. (Vayikra 23:29).

And unqualified affliction is the withholding of eating and drinking. As it is written: "And He afflicted you and made you hungry, and fed you," etc. And drinking is included in eating.

But washing and anointing and wearing shoes and marital relations, even though they too are sometimes called affliction, as the Sages learned from the exposition of the verses.

Nevertheless — unqualified affliction is not stated in most instances except regarding the withholding of eating and drinking alone.

Nevertheless, since they too are sometimes called affliction — therefore they too are forbidden on Yom Kippur from the Torah.

For it is said: "a Shabbos of complete rest," and the Sages received in the explanation of the verse: rest from everything that is sometimes called affliction.

3 And the prohibition of these things, Scripture handed over to the Sages. And they were lenient in them with several leniencies, as it appeared in their eyes to be lenient. And as will be explained before us, with the help of God.

4 Work — how so?

Every work for which one is liable on Shabbos — one is liable for it on Yom Kippur. And whatever on Shabbos is exempt but forbidden — it is likewise on Yom Kippur. Except that on Shabbos its deliberate violation is stoning, and on Yom Kippur its deliberate violation is kares.

And all the prohibitions of carrying out on Shabbos — apply likewise on Yom Kippur.

And anything that is forbidden to move on Shabbos — is forbidden to move on Yom Kippur.

5 Except that in this they were lenient — that they permitted trimming vegetables. That is, to detach the leaves from the stalks — in order to even them so that they will be ready to cut them.

And likewise to rinse it — so that it will be ready to cook it in the evening immediately.

And likewise to crack nuts — so that they will be ready for the evening's eating.

And he will not need to labor with them in the evening.

And all these things, even though they are forbidden on Shabbos, for behold he labors and prepares from Shabbos for the weekday — since they are not needed today until the evening.

Nevertheless, on Yom Kippur they permitted on account of danger to life. So that he should not need to labor with these things in the evening before his eating, and he would have distress of soul in afflicting his soul by doing these things while he is afflicted.

6 And they permitted these things only when Yom Kippur falls on a weekday. But when it falls on Shabbos, they did not permit these things. A decree lest he do so on the other Shabbosos of the year. That he would prepare during the day what is needed for the evening's eating. That he would not discern that they permitted it to him on Yom Kippur on account of distress of soul.

7 Even on Yom Kippur that falls on a weekday — they permitted only from Mincha and onward. Because then there is no concern lest through his occupation with preparing the food he forget that it is Yom Kippur and eat from it. Since it is after Mincha, which is close to the time of permitted eating, that is, the emergence of the stars, and it is like one who has bread in his basket.

But before Mincha — it is forbidden for him to occupy himself with preparing the food for the evening, lest he forget and eat from it.

8 Now all Israel have practiced to forbid the trimming of vegetables and the cracking of nuts. And the same law applies to other preparations of food for the evening, even after Mincha. Because in the later generations they began to be corrupt, to hasten and do these things before Mincha. Therefore they were stringent upon them, and forbade even after Mincha.

9 In what case is this said? Regarding occupation with preparing the food, but to touch foods is permitted all day.

And it is not similar to chametz, which is forbidden to touch on Pesach. Because on Pesach he eats other things, and we are concerned lest he forget the prohibition of chametz on Pesach and eat also this that he touches — since on these days he is not separated and set apart at all from eating.

Which is not so on Yom Kippur, where he is separated and set apart from eating entirely — we are not concerned lest he forget and eat. Unless he is occupied with preparing the food, to prepare it and make it fit for eating. But with mere touching, we are not concerned about this.

And therefore it is permitted to give to minors to eat, even though the minors can take by themselves without the adults touching the food.

And if the minor cannot eat unless the adult occupies himself with preparing the food, to make it fit and prepare it for the minor's eating — it is permitted for him to prepare it. Since it is impossible for the minor to eat it without this preparation.

10 And the practice was that the children play with nuts on the table. See siman 338 (se'if 6). And one should not protest against them, even before Mincha.