Classes for the three weeks

1. The Rebbe’s Renewal of Fast Day Traditions

There was a tradition that the Rebbe revived, which had been forgotten for a time. On fast days, it was customary for the rabbi to deliver what was called Divrei Kivushi—words of encouragement or a heartfelt pep talk. The purpose was to inspire the community, reminding them that, as brought in halacha—Jewish law, the main point of fasting is not merely abstaining from food. While fasting is observed in practice, its true goal is to subdue our hearts and bring us closer to Torah and mitzvos—commandments, striving for improvement and greater connection with Hashem. The destruction of the Beis Hamikdash—Holy Temple occurred because of improper behavior among the Jewish people. Therefore, these days are meant for introspection and strengthening ourselves spiritually. The Rebbe would always give a sicha—a talk on fast days, emphasizing these themes.

2. The Breaching of Yerushalayim’s Wall: Historical Debate

One of the reasons we fast on Shiva Asar B’Tammuz—the 17th of Tammuz—is because the wall of Yerushalayim was breached on this day. The Mishnah lists five tragedies that occurred on this date, with the breaching of Jerusalem’s wall being central. There is an interesting debate regarding whether this breach happened on the same date during both Temples. In the first Beis Hamikdash, the verse states explicitly that the breach occurred on the 9th of Tammuz. In contrast, during the second Temple, it took place on the 17th. Since having two fasts so close together would be difficult, and since we are closer in history to the second Temple period, we commemorate the event on the 17th. However, there is a fascinating passage in Talmud Yerushalmi which suggests that even during the first Temple era, the breach actually happened on the 17th of Tammuz. How can this be reconciled with the verse stating it was on the 9th? The Yerushalmi explains that due to all their suffering and confusion during those times, people lost track of their calculations—it was really the 17th but they thought it was only the 9th.

3. Divine Empathy in Times of Distress

A question arises: if Hashem knows when events truly occurred, why does Tanach record that it happened on the 9th? Even if people were confused by their suffering, surely Hashem would instruct His prophet to write down the correct date. The answer given is profound: Hashem goes along with our pain and confusion. If Bnei Yisrael were so distressed that they lost count of time, Hashem expresses solidarity by recording their mistaken calculation in Tanach itself. This shows that Hashem is with us even in our moments of greatest distress and confusion. Thus, when we commemorate Shiva Asar B’Tammuz today, we are marking both Temples’ tragedies—since both breaches are connected to this date according to this deeper understanding.

4. The Symbolism of Yerushalayim’s Wall and Unity

The Rebbe spoke about how Yerushalayim’s wall represents more than just physical protection; it symbolizes unity among those inside. The wall creates a sense of togetherness and shared destiny for all within its boundaries. When that wall was breached—physically and metaphorically—it represented a breakdown in unity among Jews. This ties directly to one of the core reasons for destruction: sinas chinam—baseless hatred and internal strife. The breach stands as a symbol for divisiveness and separation within Klal Yisrael. The Rebbe constantly reminded us that fasting is not just about sadness or self-affliction but about gaining strength—repairing what was broken by fostering unity and love among Jews.

5. Bein Hametzorim: From Mourning to Hope

From Shiva Asar B’Tammuz until Tisha B’Av spans three weeks known as Bein Hametzorim—“between the straits,” as referenced in Eicha. This period begins with breaching Jerusalem’s walls and culminates with Tisha B’Av—the destruction itself. As these weeks progress, mourning intensifies: marriages are not held, expressions of joy are curtailed, meat consumption ceases closer to Tisha B’Av—all detailed in Shulchan Aruch. Yet, as emphasized by the Rebbe, these days should also be used to strengthen our emunah—faith in Hashem—and our hope for redemption. We do not mourn out of hopelessness but out of longing for rebuilding—studying matters related to redemption and praying fervently for Mashiach’s arrival so that these very days will be transformed into times of joy.

6. Lessons from Current Events and Parshas Matos

Turning to current events and Parshas Matos: Jews in Eretz Yisrael face a ruthless enemy intent solely on harming them. Despite repeated attacks—even after suffering losses themselves—the enemy persists with determination. A tragic incident occurred where a Jew connected to Chabad was killed while bringing food to soldiers at the front lines—a person known for his readiness to help others at every opportunity. In Parshas Matos (Shlishi), we learn an important lesson: when facing an enemy bent on causing harm or leading Jews astray from Hashem’s ways, misplaced mercy can be dangerous. During war against such an enemy—one who seeks only destruction—there can be no compromise or leniency; one must follow Hashem’s instructions without deviation for true success. This lesson applies today as well: calls for ceasefire or restraint may seem compassionate but can lead to greater problems later if evil remains unchecked.

7. Recognizing Miracles Amidst Hardship

Despite thousands upon thousands of rockets fired at Israel—over 1,500 at last count—the damage has been minimal compared to what could have been expected under natural circumstances. We witness miracles daily; though they may appear clothed within nature rather than overtly supernatural like those described in Tanach (Krias Yam Suf, etc.), they are no less miraculous. It is clear that Hashem is guiding events and protecting His people through these challenging times. Our response must be continued prayer (davening), increased mitzvah observance—including giving tzedakah—and unwavering faith that even greater miracles will come.

8. Prayers for Protection and Redemption

We pray fervently that no more Jewish lives will be lost or harmed—that all Jews everywhere will be able to rest securely without fear (“veshachavtem ein macharid—you shall lie down without fear”). This concern is especially acute for those living under constant threat in places like Sderot or Netivot—and personally felt by anyone with family members living there. May Hashem protect all Jews both in Eretz Yisrael and throughout the diaspora—and send us Mashiach speedily so these days will indeed be transformed into festivals (l’soson ul’simcha—for joy and happiness), as promised by our prophets—may it happen this very year! Amen.