Source: Igros Kodesh, vol. 11, no. 3782, section 3. See also vol. 18, no. 6654; vol. 18, no. 6588; vol. 9, no. 2886.
In the Alter Rebbe's Shulchan Aruch: Orach Chaim, Siman 4, seif 1.
1. The Practice of Mikvah Before Davening
This section addresses the custom of immersing in the mikvah—ritual bath—before davening—prayer. The Rebbe was asked about the specific connection between going to the mikvah and preparing for prayer. In his response, the Rebbe cites various sources from Chassidus, the Alter Rebbe’s Siddur, and other foundational texts. He also explains this practice according to the revealed part of Torah, referencing the words of the Rashba as brought in the Magen Avraham at the beginning of Siman 4.
The analogy is drawn between a person rising in the morning and a kohen—a priest—preparing for his daily service in the Beis HaMikdash. Just as a kohen would immerse himself before entering into service, so too does a Jew prepare for serving Hashem each day by immersing in the mikvah. This is based on the Mishnah in Yoma 30a, which states that immersion was required before performing service in the Beis HaMikdash.
2. Is Mikvah Before Davening Mandatory?
Although this practice is rooted in deep sources and analogies, it has not been established as an absolute obligation or mandatory requirement before davening. The Rebbe clarifies that just because something is not obligatory does not mean it is not proper or important to do.
This idea is further illustrated by reference to Tvilas Ezra—the immersion instituted by Ezra for those who experienced certain bodily discharges. Initially, Ezra decreed that one should not daven or learn Torah unless he first immersed in a mikvah after such an occurrence. However, this decree was later rescinded because most people could not maintain such a standard.
3. The Enduring Value of Immersion
The fact that Tvilas Ezra was eventually set aside due to practical considerations does not diminish its inherent value or importance. Similarly, even though immersion before davening is not strictly required by halacha today, it remains a highly recommended and praiseworthy preparation for prayer.
The Rebbe references various sources emphasizing that going to the mikvah before davening is a special mitzvah and serves as an elevated form of preparation for approaching Hashem in prayer.
4. Further Discussion on Mikvah Practices
This class concludes with an indication that additional aspects and laws regarding mikvah will be discussed in future classes, continuing to explore its significance and application within daily Jewish life.