עבודת האדם refers to the spiritual and moral work or effort a person is required to invest in their life. This concept often involves the idea that each person has a purpose in life, which includes serving Hashem through the fulfillment of mitzvot (commandments), Torah study, personal growth, and improving one's character (תיקון המידות).

In a broader sense, עבודת האדם means the ongoing effort to align one's actions, thoughts, and desires with a higher spiritual purpose, contributing to the individual's own refinement and to the betterment of the world. It is often discussed in Chassidic and Musar literature, emphasizing the need for constant self-improvement and dedication to divine service.